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IELTS雅思写作考试高分策略与技巧 --记加拿大阳光国际学院杨峥老师写作课 ●北美生活报记者 李燕         雅思写作考试因是对考生实际应用英语语言能力的 考查，这令不少对自己写作能力信心不足的考生担忧。而听过加拿大阳光国际学院杨峥老师写作课的学生， 无不感到在写作上明显的进步和收获，心中踏实了不少。杨老师曾是雅思学术类考试满分得主，这已让学 生欣羡不已；而她生动又富于语言应用实力和考试应对技巧的讲座，更是让学生赞赏有加。雅思写作在短 期内能快速提高吗？一定能！实力 + 技巧 = 成功！杨老师的雅思写作课，在帮助学生提高写作能力的同 时，更教给学生考场写作的审题、构思和作文技巧，令考生在规定的考试时间内，快速、准确地写出符合 考题要求的两篇高分作文。          INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH TEST SYSTEM， 简称"IELTS"，中文音译为"雅思"。雅思写作考试要求写两篇短文，时间共1小时。第一篇字数要求至少 150字，时间分配是20分钟；第二篇字数要求至少250字，时间分配是40分钟。写作时，一定要清楚每篇 作文的字数要求，做到在规定时间内将字数写够，不在字数上丢分。         杨老师说，审题很重要，要清楚考题的要求，有几问， 问什么。比如考题： Do movie stars deserve high income? What kinds of people deserve a high income？ 这个考题有两问，如果写作时只回答了其中的一问，则属答题不完整，会严重丢分。其次是写作结构，开头写什 么、怎样写，中间写什么、怎样写，结尾写什么、怎样写，都大有格式可循。         关于论述题，一般情况下，Opening(开始段落)要先陈述 背景信息，即将要论述的问题，接着表明观点、立场，也即你作文的中心论点，为下一步在Body（中间段落）部 分用分支论点作进一步论述作前期铺垫和准备。比如作文题目：Should we cancel air travel because it causes air pollution and energy crisis? 杨老师给出了如下开头示范：         Recently, the issue regarding air pollution and energy crisis has been in the limelight. Some people have put the blame on air travel and proposed to shut down airlines completely to ease the tension. In my opinion, however, I strongly disagree with the proposal. Body（中间段落）部分就你的观点（中心论点）用分论点的形式展开论述。分支论点要清楚，论据充实。杨老师强调， 一般任何一个中心论点都不能只采用一个分支论点来进行充分论证，因为一个分支论点的信度和说服力是远远不 够的，也不能充分展示自己的语言水平。至少要给出两个以上的分支论点。杨老师告诉大家，Body部分的分支论 点在论述时惯常采用"一二三"写作格式化原则，通常有以下几种可套用的写作格式： (1) First, Second, Third,… (2) Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly,…… (3) To begin with, Then, Furthermore, Finally,… (4) To start with, Next, In addition, Finally,… (5) First and foremost, Besides, Last but not least,… (6) Most important of all, moreover, finally,… 关于用分支论点来论证中心论点，她以刚才的作文题目，进行继续往下的示范--          To begin with, air travel is neither the major, nor the only cause of air pollution and energy crisis. Studies have shown that the increasing number of motor vehicles accounts for 70 percent of all human-produced air pollution worldwide. Other factors to be considered are industrial waste emissions, excessive cutting of trees, overpopulation, improper waste management and dumping. It cannot be denied that air plane is one of the big energy consumers, but compared to vehicles and industries, it is just a drop in the bucket. Tremendous energy is used to heat houses, schools, offices, and to power factories, mines and other industrial facilities. In addition, air travel plays a significant role in tourism and economy as there are no alternatives to replace it. For example, every year, millions of tourists and business people travel by air planes between Canada, US and China. If air travel is canceled, these people will have to take ships which take months to reach their destination in the Far East while the journey will be nothing but risky and dull. As a result, people will become less mobile while industries and services slow down, creating enormous inconvenience, inefficiency and productivity decline. The Western world has been heavily relying on developing countries to provide services and parts manufacturing. Without air transportation, however, outsourcing will be next to impossible          Finally, air travel is indispensable to economy, providing increasing number of job opportunities not only technically, but also in the fields of supporting industries and services.          杨老师说，分支论点也不是越多越好， 关键是论据充实，论证有力，要用example（例子，例证）或 evidence（迹象，根据）来进行充分论证或 展开。对分支论点的展开会使文章显得充实饱满，并且有助于在字数上轻松达到要求；否则，分支论点即 使数量再多也不会有太大说服力。选用例子时要注意，例子要能支撑论点，和论点有关联，而决不能和论 点相混淆。 Ending（结尾段落）紧扣主题进行总结，和开头相呼应。要注意开头、结尾决不能自相矛盾。 杨老师给上面的作文作结尾示范：          In conclusion, air travel is and will remain a major means of transportation and a vital part of economy. Therefore, constant efforts should be taken to reduce air pollution while studies should be accelerated to find alternative fuel to power air planes.         杨老师讲，作文时除了注意整体文章结构，还要注意遣词造句。 遣词的高分技巧是多用同义词、近义词、连接词、过渡词，不同重复词；造句的高分技巧是擅用排比句、 虚拟句和倒装句，以增强句子表达方式的多样性。          杨老师总结了谋篇布局起始段常用的起首用语、中间段落常 用的分论点起首用语和结尾段常用的起首用语；总结了遣词造句常用的动词、形容词、副词、名词、过渡词， 以方便学生复习、应用、总结，从而帮助学生快速有效提高写作时谋篇布局的能力和遣词造句的能力。          大家在备战雅思过程中若有问题,欢迎大家致电加拿大阳光国际学院雅思部(416)335-9839咨询